TOGAF ADM: Phase B: Business Architecture

Phase B: Business Architecture

This phase describes the development of a Business Architecture to support an agreed Architecture Vision.

Objectives

Please refer TOGAF ADM Phase B: Business Architecture

Inputs

1. Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
1. Architecture Repository (Source: Phase A)
2. Non-Architectural Inputs
1. Request for Architecture Work (Source: Phase A)
2. Business principles, business goals, and business drivers (Source: Phase A)
3. Capability Assessment (Source: Phase A)
4. Communication Plan (Source: Phase A)
3. Architectural Inputs
1. Organizational Model (Source: Preliminary Phase)
2. Tailored Architecture Framework (Source: Phase A)
3. Approved Statement of Architecture Work (Source: Phase A)
4. Architecture Principles (Source: Phase A)
5. Enterprise Continuum
6. Architecture Repository (Source: Phase A)
7. Architecture Vision (Source: Phase A)
8. Draft Architecture Definition Document (Source: Phase A)

Steps

Outputs

1. Refined and updated Architecture Vision
1. Statement of Architecture Work
2. Validated business principles, business goals, and business drivers
3. Architecture Principles
2. Draft Architecture Definition Document
3. Draft Architecture Requirements Specification
4. Business Architecture components of an Architecture Roadmap

Artifacts

1. Catalogs:
1. Value Stream catalog
2. Business Capabilities catalog
3. Value Stream Stages catalog
4. Organization/Actor catalog
5. Driver/Goal/Objective catalog
6. Role catalog
7. Business Service/Function catalog
8. Location catalog
9. Process/Event/Control/Product catalog
10. Contract/Measure catalog
2. Matrices:
1. Value Stream/Capability matrix
2. Strategy/Capability matrix
3. Capability/Organization matrix
4. Business Interaction matrix
5. Actor/Role matrix
3. Diagrams:
1. Business Model diagram
2. Business Capability Map
3. Value Stream Map
4. Organization Map
5. Business Footprint diagram
6. Business Service/Information diagram
7. Functional Decomposition diagram
8. Product Lifecycle diagram
9. Goal/Objective/Service diagram
10. Business Use-Case diagram
12. Organization Decomposition diagram
13. Process Flow diagram
14. Event diagram

Approach

Modeling Techniques

1. Activity Models (a.k.a. Business Process Models)
2. Use-Case Models
3. Class Models
4. Others
1. Node Connectivity Diagram
2. Information Exchange Matrix

Enterprise Data Architecture - Reference

Hub Designs

1. Enterprise Data Architecture - Part 1
2. Enterprise Data Architecture - Part 2

TOGAF ADM - Phase A: Architecture Vision

Phase A: Architecture Vision

This phase describes the initial phase of ADM. It includes information about defining the scope, identifying the stakeholders,creating the Architecture Vision, and obtaining approvals.

Objectives

Please refer TOGAF ADM Phase A: Architecture Vision

Inputs

1. Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
1. Architecture Repository (Source: Preliminary Phase)
2. Non-Architectural Inputs
1. Request for Architecture Work (Source: Preliminary Phase)
2. Business principles, business goals, and business drivers (Source: Preliminary Phase)
3. Architectural Inputs
1. Organizational Model (Source: Preliminary Phase)
2. Tailored Architecture Framework (Source: Preliminary Phase)
1. include integration with management frameworks, customization of terminology, development of presentational styles, selection, configuration, and deployment of architecture tools, etc.
2. Populated Architecture Repository

Steps

Outputs

1. Approved Statement of Architecture Work
2. Refined statements of business principles, business goals, and business drivers
3. Architecture Vision
4. Architecture Principles
5. Draft Architecture Definition Document
6. Capability Assessment
7. Communications Plan
8. Additional content populating the Architecture Repository

Matrices and Diagrams

1. Stakeholder Map matrix
1. Stakeholder Analysis
2. How to do stakeholder analysis?
3. 
2. Business Model diagram
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
3. Business Capability Map
1. Reference: Step-by-step of building Business Capability Map
2. 
3. 
4. Value Stream Map
1. 10 steps to successful value stream mapping
2. 
3. 
5. Value Chain diagram
1. 
6. Solution Concept diagram
1. 
2. 

Approach

• Business Capabilities
• Value Streams
• Organizational Maps

TOGAF ADM - Preliminary Phase

Preliminary Phase

This phase describes the preparation and initiation activities required to meet the business directive for a new Enterprise Architecture, including the definition of an Organization-Specific Architecture framework and the definition of principles.

Objectives

Please refer TOGAF ADM Preliminary Phase

Inputs

1. Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
1. The TOGAF Library
2. Other architecture framework
1. Architecture Framework
1. MOD Architecture Framework (MODAF)
2. Kruchten's 4+1 View Model
3. Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP)
2. Enterprise Architecture Framework
1. PRISM
2. NIST Enterprise Architecture Model (unable to locate the original document)
3. Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) (unable to locate the original document)
4. Technical Architecture Framework for Information Management (TAFIM) (unable to locate the original document)
5. Zachman Framework
2. Non-Architectural Inputs
1. How strategic planning relates to enterprise architecture
2. 
3. 
3. Architectural Inputs
1. Organizational Model
1. 5 Types of Organizational Models
2. Maturity assessment
3. Roles & Responsibilities
4. Budget Requirements
5. Governance & Support Strategy
2. Existing Architecture Framework (if any)
1. Architecture Method: a structured collection of techniques which can be used to guide processes to achieve a particular goal.
2. Architecture Content: deliverables, artefacts, and building blocks
3. Configured and Deployed Tools
4. Architecture Principles: business, data, application, and technology
5. Architecture Repository: Architecture Metamodel, Architecture Capability, Architecture Landscape, Standards Information Base, Reference Library, and Governance Log

Steps

Outputs

1. Request for Architecture Work (optional)

Approach

Management Framework

Enterprise Architecture Maturity Model

NASCIO EAMM

TOGAF - Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Architecture Development Method (ADM)

The TOGAF ADM provides a tested and repeatable process for developing architectures. The ADM includes establishing an architecture framework, developing architecture content, transitioning, and governing the realization of architectures.

All of these activities are carried out within an iterative cycle of continuous architecture definition snd realization that allows organisations to transform their enterprises in a controlled manner in response to business goals and opportunities.

ADM Phases

• Preliminary Phase
• A: Architecture Vision
• B: Business Architecture
• C: Information Systems Architecture
• D: Technology Architecture
• E: Opportunities & Solutions
• F: Migration Planning
• G: Implementation Governance
• H: Architecture Change Management
• Requirements Management

TOGAF v9.2

The TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2 Overview

The TOGAF® Standard, a standard of The Open Group, is a proven Enterprise Architecture methodology and framework used by the world's leading organizations to improve business efficiency. It is the most prominent and reliable Enterprise Architecture standard, ensuring consistent standards, methods, and communication among Enterprise Architecture professionals. Those fluent in the TOGAF approach enjoy greater industry credibility, job effectiveness, and career opportunities. The TOGAF approach helps practitioners avoid being locked into proprietary methods, utilize resources more efficiently and effectively, and realize a greater return on investment.

Structure of TOGAF Standard

• TOGAF Capability Framework
• TOGAF ADM and Content Framework
• TOGAF Enterprise Continuum & Tools

figure 1: Structure of the TOGAF Standard

Enterprise Architecture - References

Figure 1. The Relationship between TOGAF, IT4IT, ArchiMate, and ITIL.

• TOGAF - https://www.opengroup.org/togaf
• IT4IT - https://www.opengroup.org/it4it
• ITIL - https://www.itil.org.uk/
• COBIT - https://www.isaca.org/resources/cobit
• Jörgen Dahlberg - Jörgen Dahlberg
• OMG - Object Management Group
• Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) - Creately blog

Initial Data Analysis (IDA)

Reference

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_data_analysis
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522315017948

Introduction

• IDA aims to inspect and inject data prior to main data analysis stage.
• Stages:
1. Data quality check
2. Data transformation
3. Data randomization
4. Data characteristics documentation

Data Quality Check

• Assessment types:
1. Frequency counts
2. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, median)
3. Normality (skewness, kurtosis, frequency histograms)

• Types of Data issue:
1. Duplicate record
2. Inconsistent date and time stamps
3. Outliers
4. Missing values

Data Transformation

• Assessment types:
1. Square root transformation
2. Log-transformation
3. Inverse transformation
4. Make categorical

Data Randomization

• Randomize the data and prove that sample data agree with the original intentions
• Methods:
1. Generate random permutation of the data
2. Select random sample of the data

Data Characteristics Documentation

• Changes (modified/removed/manipulated) to the original data
• Shape of the distribution of variables
• Error rates/patterns
• Criteria to detect abnormality